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Hi, Class #3: Borer Part 1 This class we established the principals of Borer, and in the coming class we will go through many practical examples. Borer in the mishkan was separating the shaft (shells) from the kernels after the wheat was threshed The shaft and kernels were mixed together in a pile, and they had to sort out the good from the bad. Borer is one of the most practical halachos however you could avoid shailos of borer by knowing what the problems are and how to address them. We established the definition of Borer: 2 or more types of things halachically mixed into each other. The types must be different either by name (forks and spoons), by taste, as long as it’s enough of a difference that people would only eat one and not the other (peanuts and raisins), and function (big spoons and small spoons). The definition of a mixture is that the items have to be mixed into each other to the extent that you have to either search for what you want or pull it out from underneath. There are three conditions that must be met in order for Borer to be mutar. You must select the good from the bad, it must be for immediate use, and by hand as opposed to a כלי. If you are using a fork or a spoon instead of your fingers, then it is viewed as an extension of your hand and is not a problem.
Choresh is preparing the ground for planting. You can’t move very heavy things. Pushing a stroller or walking on dirt is not a problem. Zoreh is planting. You have to be careful when eating fruits so as not to drop the seeds in the garden. You also can’t spill water on a lawn or anywhere something could grow. If the water falls onto a table or driveway and then onto the grass, its ok since it’s indirect. We also discussed various other halachos including hammocks, placing objects on a tree, sitting on a tree stump, and moving flowerpots. We discussed how included in the לט מלאכות is the איסור of leveling a dirt floor. Chazal forbade sweeping dirt floors, however this doesn’t apply nowadays since our floors are not dirt (unless it’s in a sukkah in which case it’s usually a problem). However, washing the floors is not allowed. If the floor is sticky one is permitted to pour water onto the sticky spot and then put a towel over it. Preparing for Shabbos is a huge zechus and the more preparations you do beforehand, the better it is. Examples include setting the table early, making challah, and preparing the food. Obviously, you have to make sure not to put too much pressure on yourself or to get too stressed. We also discussed the halachos of hadlakas neiros. Chazal tell us that hadlakas neiros is a zechus to have banim who are talmidei chachamim. Therefore, hadlakas neiros is an opportune time to daven for בנים תלמידי חכמים. It is a minhag to give tzedakah beforehand. There are different minhagim about how much time before shkia one should light. A lot of us are at the beginning of our married lives and we can establish how we go into Shabbos for the rest of our lives. We have to decide what is practical for us, but it is worthwhile to set a goal, whether its 40 min like minhag Yerushalayim, 30 min, 18, etc. Women are mekabel Shabbos when they light. If someone needs to drink water, they could drink until shkia. |
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